Titles (145)Keywords (2)Abstracts (8)
A new source of resistance to the cassava mosaic disease: the small processor and development of local food industries for market economy, Lokko, Y., Gedil, M., Dixon, A., Offei, S.* and Danquah, E.*, in: Eighth symposium of the International Society for Tropical Root Crops-African Branch (ISTRC-AB) 12-16 November 2001, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria, 2004.
 
Advances in breeding for host plant resistance to banana diseases, Vuylsteke, D. and Hartman, J., in: Mobilizing IPM for sustainable banana production in Africa: proceedings of a workshop on banana IPM, Nelspruit, South Africa, 23-28 November 1998, pages 165-175, INIBAP, 1999.
 
Advances in breeding for resistance to cassava mosaic disease in sub-Saharan Africa, Whyte, J., Mahungu, N., Khizzah, B., Fregene, M.*, Akano, A. and Gedil, M., pages 15, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), 2001.
 
An EST-SSR based genetic linkage map and identification of QTLs for anthracnose disease resistance in water yam (Dioscorea alata L.), Bhattacharjee, R., Nwadili, C., Saski, C. A., Agre, A. P., Scheffler, B. E., Augusto, J., Lopez-Montes, A., Onyeka, T. J.*, Kumar, P. L. and Bandyopadhyay, R., in: PLoS ONE, volume 13, number 10:e0197717, pages 1-16, ISSN 1932-6203, 2018. [DOI]
 
Assessment of cassava genotypes for resistance to cassava mosaic disease, cassava bacterial blight and cassava green mite at a lowland and mid-altitude site in Nigeria, Akparobi, S., Togun, A.* and Ekanayake, I. J., in: African Crop Science Journal, volume 6, pages 1-12, 1998.
 
Assessment of laboratory methods for evaluating cassava genotypes for resistance to root rot disease, Onyeka, T., Dixon, A. and Ekpo, E.*, in: Mycopathologia, volume 159, number 3, pages 461-467, ISSN 0301-486X, 2005. [DOI]
 
Assessment of multiple disease resistance in select current cassava breeding varieties in Nigeria, Okechukwu, R., Kulakow, P., Rabbi, I. Y. and Dixon, A.*, Abstract, P. 130 in the Book of Abstracts, 16th Triennial Symposium of the International Society for Tropical Root Crops (ISTRC), 23 - 28th September, 2012.
 
Assessment of water yam (Dioscorea alata L.) landrace varieties for resistance to anthracnose disease, Bakayoko, L., Pokou, D. N., Essis, B. S., Kouakou, A. M., Dibi, K. E. B., Kouassi, A. B., Nzue, B., Koutouan, T. T., Zohouri, P. G., N'guetta, A. S., Agre, A. P., Mondo, J. and Adebola, P. O., in: African Journal of Agricultural Research, volume 18, number 3: 2A80CC368784, pages 178-193, ISSN 1991-637X, 2022. [DOI]
 
Association between zigzag stem habit and resistance/tolerance to cassava brown streak virus disease, Kanju, E., Mahungu, N., Whyte, J. and Dixon, A., in: Proceedings of 9th ISTRC-AB symposium, pages 421-424, Mombasa, Kenya, 2004.
 
Breeding cassava and sweet potato for pest and disease resistance in Africa, Hahn, S. K., Caveness, F. E., Lema, K. and Theberge, R. L., pages 66-72, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), 1990.
 
Breeding cassava for resistance to cassava mosaic disease, Hahn, S. K. and Leuschner, K., in: Euphytica, volume 29, number 3, pages 673-683, ISSN 0014-2336, 1980.
 
Breeding of Cassava for Resistance to Cassava Mosaic CMD and Bacterial Blight CBB Diseases in Africa, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1978.
 
Breeding value for Cassava Mosaic Disease resistance analysed in a seedling nursery, Kulakow, P., Bakare, M. A., Agbona, A ., Parkes, E., Ceballos, H., Rabbi, I. Y., Olaniyo, E., Andrew, I., Iluebbey, P., Kumar, P. L. and Nokoe, K.*, Abstract in World Congress on Root & Tuber Crops (WCRTC), Nanning, Guangxi, China, January 18-22, 2016.
 
Candidate genes for field resistance to cassava brown streak disease revealed through the analysis of multiple data sources, Ferguson, M., Eyles, R. P., Garcia-Oliveira, A. L., Kapinga, F., Masumba, E. A., Amuge, T., Bredeson, J. V., Rokhsar, D. S., Lyons, J. B., Shah, T., Rounsley, S. and Mkamilo, G.*, in: Frontiers in Plant Science, volume 14, number -: 1270963, pages 1-16, ISSN 1664-462X, 2023. [DOI]
 
Cassava breeding for resistance to cassava mosaic disease, Hahn, S. K., Terry, E. R. and Leuschner, K., 1980.
 
Cassava improvement strategies for resistance to major economic diseases and pests in Africa, Hahn, S. K., Terry, E. R., Leuschner, K. and Singh, T.P., in: Proceedings of First Symposium International Society of Tropical Root Crops, Africa Branch, 8-12 September 1980, Ibadan, Nigeria, pages 25-28, 1980.
 
Cassava molecular genetics and genomics for enhanced resistance to diseases and pests, Ntui, V. O., Tripathi, J., Kariuki, S. M.* and Tripathi, L., in: Molecular Plant Pathology, volume 25, number 1: e13402, pages 1-14, ISSN 1464-6722, 2024. [DOI]
 
Cassava mosaic disease in sub-Saharan Africa: potential of African landraces as sources of resistance, Dixon, A., in: ISTRC Newsletter, volume 24, pages 5-6, 1997.
 
Cassava mosaic disease in sub-Saharan Africa: variations in the pathogen, sources of resistance and host-plant resistance breeding for sustainable control, Dixon, A., Ssemakula, G., Ogbe, F., Ariyo, O., Lokko, Y., Ilona, P. and Mkumbira, J., in: Proceedings of 9th ISTRC-AB symposium, pages 521-525, Mombasa, Kenya, 2007.
 
Cassava mosaic disease in sub-Saharan Africa: variations in the pathogen, sources of resistance, and host-plant resistance breeding for sustainable control, Dixon, A., Ssemakula, G., Ogbe, F., Ariyo, O., Lokko, Y., Ilona, P. and Mkumbira, J., in: Book of Abstracts of the 9th Triennial Symposium of the International Society for Tropical Root Crops-Africa Branch, 31 October-5 November 2004, Mombasa, Kenya, 2004.
 
Characterisation of resistance in cassava against viruses causing cassava mosaic and cassava brown streak disease in Africa, Koerbler, M., Stein, B., Ingelbrecht, I., Dixon, A. and Winter, S., 2008.
 
Combining ability analysis of resistance to cassava mosaic disease in cassava, Lokko, Y., Dixon, A. and Offei, S.*, pages 438-443, 2001.
 
Combining ability analysis of resistance to mosaic virus disease in cassava, Lokko, Y., Dixon, A., Offei, S.* and Danquah, E.*, in: African Crop Science Journal, volume 14, number 3, pages 221-230, ISSN 1021-9730, 2006.
 
Comparison of conventional and molecular-based techniques in cassava mosaic disease resistance screening of new cassava genotypes tested in dry and humid zones of Nigeria, Ariyo, O., Dixon, A., Atiri, G.* and Winter, S., in: Proceedings of a workshop organized by Rockefeller and CIMMYT, 24-28 May 2004, Cuernavaca, Mexico, 2004.
 
Conversion and validation of uniplex SNP markers for selection of resistance to Cassava Mosaic Disease in Cassava breeding programs, Ige, A. D., Olasanmi, B.*, Mbanjo, E., Kayondo, S. I., Parkes, E., Kulakow, P., Egesi, C., Bauchet, G. J., Ng, E., Ng, N. Q., Lopez-Lavalle, L. A., Ceballos, H. and Rabbi, I. Y., in: Agronomy, volume 11, number 3: 420, pages 1-17, ISSN 2073-4395, 2021. [DOI]
 
Correlated resistance of cassava mosaic and backterial blight disease, Hahn, S. K., Howland, A. K. and Terry, E. R., in: Euphytica, volume 29, pages 306-311, ISSN 0014-2336, 1980.
 
Cowpea breading for diseases and insect resistance, Singh, B., Singh, S. R. and Jackai, L., in: Paper presented at Expert Consultation Conference on Breeding for Durable Resistance to Disease and Pests in Africa, 25-29 October 1982, IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria, 1982.
 
CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing of banana for disease resistance, Tripathi, L., Ntui, V. O. and Tripathi, J., in: Current Opinion in Plant Biology, volume 56, pages 118-126, ISSN 1369-5266, 2020. [DOI]
 
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing of DMR6 orthologue in banana (Musa spp.) confers enhanced resistance to bacterial disease, Tripathi, J., Ntui, V. O., Shah, T. and Tripathi, L., in: Plant Biotechnology Journal, volume 19, pages 1291-1293, ISSN 1467-7644, 2021. [DOI]
 
Detection of RAPD markers-linked to resistance to cassava anthracnose disease, Akinbo, O., Gedil, M., Ekpo, E.*, Oladele, J. and Dixon, A., in: African Journal of Biotechnology, volume 6, number 6, pages 677-682, ISSN 1684-5315, 2007.
 
Developing bacterial disease resistance banana using genetic engineering, Tripathi, L., Tripathi, J., Mburu, K., Kiggundu, A.* and Tushemereirwe, W. K.*, Abstract, in Program and Book of Abstracts of the 13th International Conference on Plant Pathogenic Bacteria June 8 - 13, Shanghai, China, 2014.
 
Development and validation of genomic tools for marker-assisted breeding of cassava mosaic disease resistance in cassava (Manihot esculenta), Gedil, M., Otti, G., Enok, L. and Kumar, P. L., in: Tropical Roots and Tuber Crops and the Challenges of Globalization and Climate Changes=Plantes a Racines et Tubercules Tropicales et les Defis de la Mondialisation et du Changement Climatique: Proceedings of the 11th triennial Symposium of the ISTRC-AB, pages 179-186, ISTRC-AB, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2012.
 
Development and validation of genomics tools for marker-assisted breeding of mosaic disease resistance in cassava, Gedil, M., Otti, G. and Enok, L., Abstract (Poster) in Book of Abstracts of the 11th Triennial Symposium of ISTRC-AB, held at Memling Hotel, Kinshasa. 4-8 October, 2010.
 
Development and validation of genomics tools for marker-assisted breeding of mosaic disease resistance in cassava, Gedil, M., Otti, G. and Enok, L., Abstract (Poster) in Book of Abstracts of the 11th Triennial Symposium of ISTRC-AB, held at Memling Hotel, Kinshasa. 4-8 October, 2010.
 
Diallel analysis of field resistance to brown streak disease in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) landraces from Tanzania, Kulembeka, H.*, Ferguson, M., Herselman, L.*, Kanju, E., Mkamilo, G.*, Masumba, E.*, Fregene, M.* and Labuschagne, M.*, in: Euphytica, volume 187, number 2, pages 277-288, ISSN 0014-2336, 2012. [DOI]
 
Disease incidence and severity in cowpea lines evaluated for resistance to single and multiple infections of endemic viruses in Nigeria, Ogunsola, K. E., Ilori, C. O.*, Fatokun, C., Boukar, O., Ogunsanya, P. and Kumar, P. L., in: Journal of Crop Improvement, pages 1-26, ISSN 1542-7528, 2020. [DOI]
 
Disease resistance characterisation of improved cassava genotypes to Cassava Mosaic Disease at different ecozones, Ariyo, O., Dixon, A., Atiri, G.*, Gachomo, W. and Kotchoni, O., in: Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, pages 1-15, ISSN 0323-5408, 2015. [DOI]
 
Distribution and disease recovery of African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV) in stems of resistance and susceptible cassava, Njock, T. E., Atiri, G.*, Thottappilly, G. and Hahn, S. K., in: Root croops for food security in Africa: proceedings of the Fifth Triennial Symposium of the International Society for Tropical Root Crops-African Branch, 22-28 November 1992, Kampala, Uganda, pages 149-152, ISTRC-AB; CTA; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), 1994.
 
Effectiveness of different artificial virus transmission techniques in screening cassava for resistance to cassava mosaic disease, Ariyo, O., Atiri, G.*, Koerbler, M. and Winter, S., in: Book of Abstracts of the 9th Triennial Symposium of the International Society for Tropical Root Crops-Africa Branch, 31 October-5 November 2004, Mombasa, Kenya, 2004.
 
Enhanced symptom severity and pseudorecombination of geminiviruses are important factors in possible breakdown of resistance to cassava mosaic disease, Ariyo, O., Koerbler, M., Dixon, A. and Atiri, G.*, in: Book of Abstracts of the 9th Triennial Symposium of the International Society for Tropical Root Crops-Africa Branch, 31 October-5 November 2004, Mombasa, Kenya, 2004.
 
Enhanced symptom severity and pseudorecombination of geminiviruses are important factors in possible breakdown of resistance to cassava mosaic disease, Ariyo, O., Dixon, A., Atiri, G.*, Koerbler, M. and Winter, S., in: Proceedings of 9th ISTRC-AB symposium, pages 711-718, Mombasa, Kenya, 2007.
 
Environmental stability of resistance to anthracnose and virus diseases of water yam (Dioscorea alata), Egesi, C. N.*, Onyeka, T. J.* and Asiedu, R., in: African Journal of Agricultural Research, volume 4, number 2, pages 113-118, ISSN 1991-637X, 2009.
 
Evaluation of elite sorghum accessions for multiple disease resistance, Navi, S., Bandyopadhyay, R., Reddy, G. R. V. and Kameswara Rao, N., in: International Sorghum and Millets Newsletter, volume 44, pages 115-119, 2003.
 
Evaluation of pigeonpea genotypes for resistance to sterility mosaic disease, Shivam, C.V.B., Kumar, P. L. and Singh, R, pages 133, 2007.
 
Evaluation of sorghum germplasm used in US breeding programmes for sources of sugary disease resistance, Dahlberg, J., Bandyopadhyay, R., Rooney, W., Odvody, G. and Madera-Torres, P., in: Plant Pathology, volume 50, pages 681-689, 2001.
 
Evolution of disease resistance breeding in maize in Africa, Fajemisin, J., Efron, Y. and Kim, S. K., pages 385, 1988.
 
Expressing stacked HRAP and PFLP genes in transgenic banana has no synergistic effect on resistance to Xanthomonas wilt disease, Muwonge, A., Tripathi, J., Kunert, K.* and Tripathi, L., in: South African Journal of Botany, volume 104, pages 125-133, ISSN 0254-6299, 2016. [DOI]
 
Expression of rice NH1 gene in transgenic banana confers resistance to bacterial and fungai diseases, Tripathi, J., Oduor, R.*, Ronald, P. C. and Tripathi, L., Abstract, P(S13)601, in the book of abstract of the 6th IPS International Conference on "Plant, Pathogens and People", February 23-27, New Delhi, India, 2016.
 
Expression of sweet pepper plant ferredoxin-like protein (pflp) in banana enhance resistance against Xanthomonas wilt disease, Namukwaya, B.*, Tripathi, L., Arinaitwe, G.*, Mukasa, S. B., Tripathi, J. and Tushemereirwe, W. K.*, in: Book of Abstracts in AGBIOSAFESEED 2010, March 8-11, Kampala, pages 59-60, 2010.
 
Foliar disease resistance of tropical-adapted maize inbreds,, Brewbaker, J., Kim, S. K. and Logrono, M.L., Agronomy Abstracts acts, 1987.
 
Gene complementarity of resistance to the cassava mosaic disease among African cassava accessions, Lokko, Y., Dixon, A., Offei, S.* and Danquah, E.*, in: African Crop Science Journal, volume 14, number 3, pages 207-220, ISSN 1021-9730, 2006.
 
Gene editing of banana for disease resistance, Tripathi, L., in: In: Proceedings of the Global Conference on Green Development of Seed Industries 4-5 November edited by: Ruane, J., Mba, C. and Xia, J., pages 42-53, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2022. [DOI]
 
Genetic analysis of host plant resistance to the cassava mosaic disease, Lokko, Y., Offei, S.*, Danquah, E.* and Gedil, M., in: Proceedings, Entebbe, Uganda, 2002.
 
Genetic analysis of resistance to the cassava mosaic virus disease, 2004.
 
Genetic diversity among different sources of resistance to the cassava mosaic virus disease using SSR markers, Lokko, Y., Offei, S.*, Danquah, E.* and Fregene, M.*, in: Book of Abstracts, 9th Triennial Symposium of the International Society for Tropical Root Crops-Africa Branch, 31 October-5 November 2004, Mombasa, Kenya, 2004.
 
Genetic diversity of cassava (Manihot esculanta crantz) germplasm and effect of environment on resistance to Cassava Brown Streak and Cassava Mosaic Diseases in Burundi, Pierre, N.*, University of Nairobi, 2021.
 
Genetic engineering of banana nonexpressor of pathogenesis related gene for resistance to xanthomonas wilt and Fusarium wilt diseases, Tripathi, J., Kenyatta University, 2018.
 
Genetic gain in cassava disease resistance, Okechukwu, R., Mkumbira, J., Dixon, A. and Kamara, A., in: Book of Abstracts of the 9th Triennial Symposium of the International Society for Tropical Root Crops-Africa Branch, 31 October-5 November 2004, Mombasa, Kenya, 2004.
 
Genetic gains from 30 years of cassava breeding in Nigeria for storage root yield and disease resistance in elite cassava genotypes, Okechukwu, R. and Dixon, A., in: Journal of Crop Improvement, volume 22, number 2, pages 181-208, 2008.
 
Genetic mapping of a dominant gene conferring resistance to cassava mosaic disease, Akano, A., Dixon, A., Mba, C., Barrera, E.* and Fregene, M.*, in: Theoretical and Applied Genetics, volume 105, pages 521-525, 2002.
 
Genetic relationships among cassava clones with varying levels of resistance to African mosaic disease using RAPD markers, Mignouna, H. and Dixon, A., in: African Journal of Root and Tuber Crops, volume 2, pages 28-32, 1997.
 
Genetic relationships among improved cassava accessions and landraces for resistance to the cassava mosaic disease, Lokko, Y., Dixon, A., Offei, S.* and Danquah, E.*, in: Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment, volume 7, number 1, pages 132-138, ISSN 1459-0255, 2009.
 
Genetic transformation of banana for disease resistance, Tripathi, L., Tripathi, J. and Tushemereirwe, W. K.*, Abstract in Book of Abstracts of the International Conference 'Plant Transformation Technologies II', Vienna, February 19th - 22nd, 2011.
 
Genetic transformation of bananas for resistance to Xanthomonas wilt disease, Tripathi, L., Abstract, P. 50 in the programme and abstracts book of the 2nd National Biosafety Conference, 5-9 August, 2013, Kenyatta International Convention Centre (KICC), Nairobi, Kenya, 2013.
 
Genome-wide association and prediction reveals genetic architecture of cassava mosaic disease resistance and prospects for rapid genetic improvement, Wolfe, M., Rabbi, I. Y., Egesi, C. N.*, Hamblin, M., Kawuki, R. S.*, Kulakow, P., Lozano, R., Carpio, D. P., Ramu, P. and Jannink, J., in: Plant Genome, volume 9, number 2, pages 1-13, ISSN 1940-3372, 2016. [DOI]
 
Genotype by environment cultivar evaluation for cassava brown streak disease resistance in Tanzania, Shirima, R. R., Legg, J., Maeda, D. G.*, Tumwegamire, S., Mkamilo, G., Mtunda, K.*, Kulembeka, H.*, Ndyetabula, I.*, Kimata, B.*, Matondo, D. G.*, Ceasar, G., Mushi, E., Sichalwe, K.* and Kanju, E., in: Virus Research, volume 286, number -: 198017, pages 1-12, ISSN 0168-1702, 2020. [DOI]
 
High-throughput field screening of Cassava Brown Streak Disease resistance for efficient and cost-saving breeding selection, Sikirou, M., Adetoro, N. A., Sheat, S., Musungayi, E.*, Mungangan, R.*, Pierre, M.*, Fowobaje, K. R., Dieng, I., Bamba, Z., Rabbi, I. Y., Mushoriwa, H . and Winter, S., in: Agronomy, volume 15, number 2: 425, pages 1-15, ISSN 2073-4395, 2025. [DOI]
 
Identification of early and extra-early maturing tropical maize inbred lines with multiple disease resistance for enhanced maize production and productivity in sub-Saharan Africa, Bankole, F., Badu-Apraku, B., Salami, A. O.*, Falade, T. D. O., Bandyopadhyay, R. and Ortega-Beltran, A., in: Plant Disease, volume 106, number 10, pages 2638-2647, ISSN 0191-2917, 2022. [DOI]
 
Identification of genes that have undergone adaptive evolution in cassava (Manihot esculenta) and that may confer resistance to cassava brown streak disease, Ferguson, M., Koga, T. M., Johnson, D. A., Koga, K. A., Hirsch, G. N., Lopez-Lavalle, L. A. and Messier, W., in: African Journal of Biotechnology, volume 14, number 2, pages 96-107, ISSN 1684-5315, 2015. [DOI]
 
Identification of levels of resistance to cassava root rot disease (Botryodiplodia theobromae) in African landraces and improved germplasm using In vitro inoculation method, Onyeka, T., Dixon, A. and Ekpo, E.*, in: Euphytica, volume 145, number 3, pages 281-288, ISSN 0014-2336, 2005.
 
Identification of multiple disease resistance in cowpea, Williams, R. J., in: Tropical Agriculture, volume 54, number 1, pages 53-59, ISSN 0041-3216, 1977.
 
Identification of multiple disease resistance in cowpea, Williams, R. J., in: Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad), volume 54, number 1, pages 53-59, ISSN 0041-3216, 1977.
 
Identification of multiple disease resistance in cowpea: abstract of papers presented at the Fourth Annual Conference of the Nigerian Society for Plant Protection, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria, February 11-13, 1974, Williams, R. J., NSPP abstracts 1972-1975: occasional publication, number 1 of the Nigerian Society for Plant Protection. p. 19, 1975.
 
Identification of QTLs controlling resistance to anthracnose disease in water yam (Dioscorea alata), Agre, A. P., Darkwa, K.*, Olasanmi, B.*, Kolade, O., Mournet, P., Bhattacharjee, R., Lopez-Montes, A ., De Koeyer, D ., Adebola, P. O., Kumar, P. L., Asiedu, R. and Asfaw, A., in: Genes, volume 13, number 2: 347, pages 1-16, ISSN 2073-4425, 2022. [DOI]
 
Identifying new resistance to Cassava Mosaic Disease and validating markers for the CMD2 locus, Thuy, C. T. L., Lopez-Lavalle, L. A., Vu, N. A.*, Hy, N. H.*, Nhan, P. T.*, Ceballos, H., Newby, J., Tung, N. B.*, Hein, N. T.*, Tuan, L. N.*, Hung, N.*, Hanh, N. T.*, Trang, D. T.*, Ha, P. T. T.*, Ham, L. H.*, Pham, X. H.*, Quynh, D. T. N.*, Rabbi, I. Y., Kulakow, P. and Zhang, X., in: Agriculture, volume 11, number 9: 829, pages 1-15, ISSN 2077-0472, 2021. [DOI]
 
Improvement of bananas for black sigatoka and Panama disease resistance through genetic manipulation, De Smet, K., Panis, B., Sagi, L., Cammue, B. P. A. and Swennen, R.+, in: African Crop Science Journal, volume 2, number 1, pages 1-7, ISSN 1021-9730, 1994.
 
In vitro, greenhouse, and field assessment of cassava lines for resistance to anthracnose disease caused by colletotrichum gloeosporiodes f. sp. Manihotis, Fokunang, C. N., Ikotun, T.*, Asiedu, R., Tembe, E. A. and Akem, C., in: Mycopathologia, volume 154, number 4, pages 191-198, ISSN 0301-486X, 2002. [DOI]
 
Increasing and stabilising cassava and sweet potato productivity by disease resistance and crop hygiene, Terry, E. R. and Hahn, S. K., 1980.
 
Increasing and Stabilising Cassava and Sweet Potato Productivity by Disease Resistance and Crop hygiene", Terry, E. R. and Hahn, S. K., in: Root Crops in Eastern Africa: proceedings of a workshop, pages 47-52, 1982.
 
Inheritance of black sigatoka disease resistance in plantain-banana (Musa spp.) hybrids, Ortiz, R. and Vuylsteke, D., in: Theoretical and Applied Genetics, volume 89, pages 146-152, 1994.
 
Inheritance of resistance to Cercospora leaf spot disease of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp], Omoigui, L., Arrey, M. O.*, Kamara, A., Danmaigona, C. C.*, Ekeruo, G.* and Timko, M. P., in: Euphytica, volume 215, number -:101, pages 1-12, ISSN 0014-2336, 2019. [DOI]
 
Inheritance of resistance to three endemic viral diseases of cowpea in Nigeria, Ogunsola, K. E., Fatokun, C., Boukar, O. and Kumar, P. L., in: Journal of Crop Improvement, pages 1-18, ISSN 1542-7528, 2022. [DOI]
 
Inheritance of resistance to yellow mosaic and aphid borne mosaic diseases of cowpea, Soglo, C., Singh, B. and Rossel, H. W., 1984.
 
Insect and disease resistance from tropical maize for use in temperate zone hybrids, Kim, S. K., Brewbaker, J. and Hallauer, A. R., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), 1988.
 
Interval mapping of quantitative trait loci for Corky Ringspot Disease resistance in a Tetraploid population of potato (Solanum tuberosum subsp. tuberosum), Khu, D., Lorenzen, J., Hackett, C. A. and Love, S. L., in: American Journal of Potato Research, volume 85, pages 129-139, ISSN 1099-209X, 2008.
 
Is resistance/tolerance of cassava to brown streak disease associated with the zig-zag stem trait?, Kanju, E., Mahungu, N., Whyte, J. and Dixon, A., in: Roots Newsletter, volume 8, number 2, 2003.
 
Loss of function of MusaPUB genes in banana can provide enhanced resistance to bacterial wilt disease, Tripathi, L., Ntui, V. O., Muiruri, K. S., Shah, T. and Tripathi, J., in: Communications Biology, volume 8, number -: 708, pages 1-12, ISSN 2399-3642, 2025. [DOI]
 
Mapping of QTL associated with resistance to Cassava Brown Streak and Mosaic Diseases in outcrossing cassava cultivars locally cultivated in Tanzania: proceeding (poster), Masumba, E.*, van der Merwe, A.*, Myburg, Z.*, Kapinga, F.*, Kasele, S.*, Kulembeka, H.*, Mkamilo, G.*, Rounsley, S., Prochnik, S., Kanju, E. and Ferguson, M., Plant & Animal Genome, 2015.
 
Mapping of QTLs associated with recovery resistance to streak virus disease in maize, Ladejobi, F., Salaudeen, M. T.*, Kumar, P. L., Menkir, A., Adesoye, A. I.*, Atiri, G.* and Gedil, M., in: Annals of Agricultural Sciences, pages 1-7, ISSN 0570-1783, 2018. [DOI]
 
Marker assisted selection deployment of the novel cassava mosaic disease resistance gene (CMD2) in African cassava gene pools, Ariyo, O., Morante, N., Ceballos, H. and Fregene, M.*, in: Proceedings, Entebbe, Uganda, 2002.
 
Molecular basis of disease resistance in banana progenitor Musa Balbisiana against Xanthomonas Campestris pv. Musacearum, Tripathi, L., Tripathi, J., Shah, T., Muiruri, K. S. and Katari, M. S., in: Scientific Reports, volume 9, number : 7007, pages 1-17, ISSN 2045-2322, 2019. [DOI]
 
Molecular markers associated with a new source of resistance to the cassava mosaic disease, Lokko, Y., Danquah, E.*, Offei, S.*, Dixon, A. and Gedil, M., in: African Journal of Biotechnology, volume 4, number 9, pages 873-881, ISSN 1684-5315, 2005.
 
Occurrence of some cowpea diseases and the evaluation of resistance of selected cowpea lines to brown blotch disease in the forest ecology of Ghana, Twumasi, J. K., Hossain, M. A. and Fenteng, P. K., in: Tropical Grain Legume Bulletin, volume 36, pages 7-9, 1990.
 
Performance of improved cassava genotypes for early bulking, disease resistance, and culinary qualities in an inland valley ecosystem, Okechukwu, R. and Dixon, A.*, in: Agronomy Journal, volume 101, number 5, pages 1258-1265, ISSN 0002-1962, 2009.
 
Pests, Diseases, Resistance and Protection in Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. July, 1978, Singh, S. R. and Allen, D. J., 1978.
 
Preliminary results of screening IITA improved germplasm for resistance to Cassava Brown Streak Disease (CBSD) in Uganda, Ntawuruhunga, P., Kiryowa, M., Okechukwu, R., Otim Okello, F. and Kanju, E., in: Tropical Roots and Tuber Crops and the Challenges of Globalization and Climate Changes. Proceedings of the 11th triennial Symposium of the ISTRC-AB, 4 to 8 October 2010, pages 398-405, ISTRC-AB, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2012.
 
Preliminary results of screening IITA's improved germplasm for resistance to cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) in Uganda, Ntawuruhunga, P., Kiryowa, M., Otim Okello, F., Okechukwu, R. and Kanju, E., in: Root and tuber crops for poverty alleviation through science and technology for sustainable development: proceedings of the 10th symposium of ISTRC-AB held from 8-12 October, 2007 in Maputo, Mozambique, pages 361-362, ISTRC-AB, 2010.
 
Protection of tropical food crops by means of host plant resistance with particular emphasis on virus diseases, Rossel, H. W., in: Paper presented at International Conference on Tropical Crop Protection of the Lyon and South-East Scientific Foundation: Lyon, 8-10 July, 1981, 1981.
 
QTL associated with resistance to cassava brown streak and cassava mosaic diseases in a bi-parental cross of two Tanzanian farmer varieties, Namikonga and Albert, Masumba, E.*, Kapinga, F.*, Mkamilo, G.*, Salum, K.*, Kulembeka, H.*, Rounsley, S., Bredeson, J. V., Lyons, J. B., Rokhsar, D. S., Kanju, E., Katari, M. S., Myburg, A. A.*, van der Merwe, A.* and Ferguson, M., in: Theoretical and Applied Genetics, pages 1-22, ISSN 0040-5752, 2017. [DOI]
 
QTL mapping for pest and disease resistance in cassava and coincidence of some QTL with introgression regions derived from Manihot glaziovii, Nzuki, I., Katari, M. S., Bredeson, J. V., Masumba, E.*, Kapinga, F.*, Salum, K.*, Mkamilo, G.*, Shah, T., Lyons, J. B., Rokhsar, D. S., Rounsley, S., Myburg, A. A.* and Ferguson, M., in: Frontiers in Plant Science, volume 8, number 1168, pages 1-15, ISSN 1664-462X, 2017. [DOI]
 
QTLs associated with resistance to the cassava mosaic disease: new directions for a diverse planet, Lokko, Y., Gedil, M. and Dixon, A., in: Proceedings of the 4th International Crop Science Congress, 26 September-1 October 2004, Brisbane, Australia, 2004.
 
QTLs for resistance to the cassava mosaic disease in African cassava accessions, Lokko, Y., Gedil, M. and Dixon, A., in: Book of Abstracts of the 11th International Plant and Animal Genome Conference (PAG XII), 10-14 January 2004, San Diego CA, USA, 2004.
 
Rapid and mass screening of banana and plantain for resistance to Black sigatoka disease using detached leaf and in vitro plantlets, Ojiambo, P., Twizeyimana, M., Tenkouano, A. and Bandyopadhyay, R., pages 91-100, chapter 5, International Atomic Energy Agency, ISBN 978-92-0-105110-3, 2010.
 
Relative resistance of some newly developed cassava cultivars to African cassava mosaic disease, Ariyo, O., Dixon, A. and Atiri, G.*, pages 541-545, International Society for Tropical Root Crops (ISTRC) - Africa Branch; Government of Benin, 2001.
 
Resistance of F1 segregating populations derived from crosses between wild banana accessions Musa acuminata spp. burmannicoides 'Calcutta 4' and M. balbisiana 'Montpellier' to black leaf streak disease, Vroh Bi, I., Zandjanakou, M, Mbah, W., Tenkouano, A., Ojiambo, P. and Bandyopadhyay, R., in: Acta Horticulturae, volume 828, pages 353-357, ISSN 0567-7572, 2009.
 
Resistance of tropical maize inbreds to major virus and virus-like diseases, Brewbaker, J., Kim, S. K. and Logrono, M.L., in: Maydica, volume 36, pages 257-265, 1991.
 
Resistance of water yam to anthracnose disease in Nigeria, Aduramigba-Modupe, A.O., Asiedu, R., Odebode, C. A.* and Oladiran, A., in: Proceedings of the African Crop Science Conference, 22-26 October 2001, Lagos, Nigeria, pages 483-486, African Crop Science Society, 2001.
 
Resistance profile of improved cassava germplasm to cassava mosaic disease in Nigeria, Egesi, C. N.*, Ogbe, F., Akoroda, M., Ilona, P. and Dixon, A., in: Euphytica, volume 155, pages 215-224, 2007. [DOI]
 
Screen house and field resistance of Taro cultivars to Taro Leaf Blight Disease (Phytophtora colocasiae), Fokunang, C. N.*, Mbong, G. A.*, Manju, E. B.*, Tembe, E.* and Hanna, R., in: British Biotechnology Journal, volume 15, number 1, pages 1-15, ISSN 2231-2927, 2016. [DOI]
 
Screening cassava cultivars for resistance to the cassava anthracnose disease (CAD), Ikotun, T.* and Hahn, S. K., in: Tropical root crops in a developing economy: proceedings of the 9th Symposium of the International Society for Tropical Root Crops, 20-26 October 1991, Accra, Ghana, pages 178-183, ISTRC; Government of Ghana; International Institue of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), 1994.
 
Screening landraces for additional sources of field resistance to Cassava Mosaic Disease and green mite for integration into the Cassava Improvement Program, Raji, A., Ladeinde, O.* and Dixon, A., in: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, volume 50, number 3, pages 311-318, 2008.
 
Selection for resistance to cassava mosaic disease in African cassava germplasm using single nucleotide polymorphism markers, Codjia, E. D., Olasanmi, B.*, Agre, A. P., Uwugiaren, R., Ige, A. D. and Rabbi, I. Y., in: South African Journal of Science, volume 118, number 1-2: 11607, pages 1-7, ISSN 0038-2353, 2022. [DOI]
 
Serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) of host-plant resistance to the cassava mosaic disease (CMD), Fregene, M.*, Matsumura, H., Akano, A., Dixon, A. and Terauchi, R., in: Plant Molecular Biology, volume 56, pages 563-571, 2004.
 
Silicon application enhances resistance to xanthomonas wilt disease in banana, Mburu, K., Oduor, R.*, Mgutu, A. J.* and Tripathi, L., in: Plant Pathology, pages 1-12, ISSN 0032-0862, 2015. [DOI]
 
Silicon, disease resistance, and yield of rice genotypes under upland cultural conditions, Winslow, M. D., in: Crop Science, volume 32, number 5, pages 1208-1213, ISSN 0011-183X, 1992.
 
Simple sequence repeats (SSR) diversity of cassava in South, East and Central Africa in relation to resistance to cassava brown streak disease, Pariyo, A., Tukamuhabwa, P.*, Baguma, Y.*, Kawuki, R. S.*, Alicai, T.*, Gibson, P. J.*, Kanju, E., Wanjala, B.*, Harvey, J., Nzuki, I., Rabbi, I. Y. and Ferguson, M., in: African Journal of Biotechnology, volume 12, number 28, pages 4453-4464, ISSN 1684-5315, 2013. [DOI]
 
Sources of resistance to cassava anthracnose disease, Owolade, F., Dixon, A., Adeoti, A.* and Osunlaja *, S., in: African Journal of Biotechnology, volume 4, number 6, pages 570-572, ISSN 1684-5315, 2005.
 
Sources of resistance to cowpea bacterial blight disease in Nigeria, Okechukwu, R. and Ekpo, E.*, in: Journal of Phytopathology, volume 152, pages 345-351, 2004.
 
Stability of resistance to cassava brown streak disease in major agro-ecologies of Uganda, Pariyo, A.*, Baguma, Y.*, Alicai, T.*, Kawuki, R. S.*, Kanju, E., Bua, A.*, Omongo, C. A.*, Gibson, P. J.*, Osiru, D.*, Mpairwe, D.* and Tukamuhabwa, P.*, in: Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science, volume 7, number 3, pages 67-78, ISSN 2006-9758, 2015. [DOI]
 
Strategies for controlling the Cassava Mosaic Disease Pandemic in Eastern and Central Africa through resistance breeding programs, Ntawuruhunga, P., Legg, J., Omongo, C. S.*, Lukombo, S.* and Kimani, E., 2006.
 
Strategies to resistance to bacterial wilt disease of banana through genetic engineering, Tripathi, L., Tripathi, J. and Tushemereirwe, W. K.*, in: African Journal of Biotechnology, volume 3, number 12, pages 688-692, ISSN 1684-5315, 2004.
 
Tackling the cassava mosaic disease (CMD) challenge in sub-Saharan Africa: the role of host-plabt resistance and germplasm deployment, Whyte, J., Mahungu, N. and Ng, S. Y. C., 2001.
 
Targeted knockout of early nodulin-like 3 (MusaENODL3) gene in banana reveals its function in resistance to Xanthomonas wilt disease, Ntui, V. O., Tripathi, J., Shah, T. and Tripathi, L., in: Plant Biotechnology Journal, volume 22, number 5, pages 1101-1112, ISSN 1467-7644, 2024. [DOI]
 
The genetics of resistance to cocoyam root rot blight complex disease in Xanthosoma sagittifolium(L.)Schott, Agueguia, A, Fatokun, C. and Hahn, S. K., in: Tropical root crops in a developing economy: proceedings of the 9th symposium of the International Society for Tropical RootCrops 20-26 October 1991, Accra Ghana, pages 438-442, ISTRC; Government of Ghana; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), 1994.
 
The potential of hypersensitive response assisting protein (hrap) to enhance resistance against banana Xanthomonas wilt disease, Mwaka, H.*, Tripathi, L., Tripathi, J., Kiggundu, A.*, Arinaitwe, G.*, Tusiime, G.* and Tushemereirwe, W. K.*, in: Book of Abstracts in AGBIOSAFESEED 2010, March 8-11, Kampala, pages 52-53, 2010.
 
The relative resistance of cassava cultivars to African Cassava Mosaic Disease (ACMD) as determined by two methods: rank-sum and the area under the disease progress curve, Ariyo, O. and Atiri, G.*, in: Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, volume 35, number 1, pages 23-30, 2002.
 
The use of biolistic inoculation of Cassava Mosaic begomoviruses in screening cassava for resistance to Cassava Mosaic Disease, Ariyo, O., Atiri, G.* and Winter, S., in: Journal of Virological Methods, volume 137, number 1, pages 43-50, 2006.
 
The use of bud grafting to evaluate cassava for resistance to African Cassava Mosaic Disease virus: poster presented at CBN-V, Nov. 4-9, 2001. DDPSC/ILTAB, St. Louis, Missouri, USA, Ogbe, F., Dixon, A., Atiri, G.* and Thottappilly, G., pages S8-14, 2001.
 
Training population optimization for prediction of Cassava Brown Streak Disease Resistance in west African clones, Ozimati, A.*, Kawuki, R. S.*, Ezuma, W.*, Kayondo, I. S.*, Wolfe, M., Lozano, R., Rabbi, I. Y., Kulakow, P. and Jannink, J., in: G3-Genes Genomes Genetics, volume 8, pages 3903-3913, ISSN 2160-1836, 2018. [DOI]
 
Transgenic banana expressing NH1 gene can provide resistance to bacterial and fungal diseases, Tripathi, J., Oduor, R.*, Ronald, P. C. and Tripathi, L., Abstract, p. 17 in 2016 World Congress on in Vitro Biology: meeting of the Society for in Vitro Biology June 11-16, San Diego, Califonia, 2016.
 
Transgenic banana expressing Pflp gene confers enhanced resistance to Xanthomonas wilt disease, Namukwaya, B., Tripathi, L., Tripathi, J., Arinaitwe, G.*, Mukasa, S. B. and Tushemereirwe, W. K.*, in: Transgenic Research, pages 1-11, ISSN 0962-8819, 2011. [DOI]
 
Transgenic bananas for disease resistance, Tripathi, L., Tripathi, J., Arinaitwe, G.*, Kiggundu, A.* and Tushemereirwe, W. K.*, Abstract (Oral Presentation) in the Book of Abstracts of the II ISHS Genetically Modified Organisms in Horticulture Symposium: Paving the Way for a Sustainable Future. Nelspruit, South Africa. September 12-16, 2011.
 
Transgenic bananas with enhanced resistance against Xanthomonas wilt disease, Tripathi, L., Tripathi, J., Tushemereirwe, W. K.*, Arinaitwe, G.* and Kiggundu, A.*, in: Acta Horticulturae, volume 974, pages 81-90, ISSN 0567-7572, 2013.
 
Transgenic technologies for developing bacterial disease resistance in plants, Tripathi, L., pages 200-220, Regency, 2005.
 
Two novel DNAs that enhance symptoms and overcome CMD2 resistance to cassava mosaic disease, Ndunguru, J.*, De Leon, L., Doyle, C. D., Sseruwagi, P.*, Plata, G., Legg, J., Thompson, G.*, Tohme, J., Aveling, T.*, Ascencio-Ibanez, J. T. and Hanley-Bowdoin, L., in: Journal of Virology, volume 90, number 8, pages 4160-4173, ISSN 0022-538X, 2016. [DOI]
 
Understanding the genetic basis of cassava mosaic disease resistance through in-silico mining and experimental gene discovery, Gedil, M., Rabbi, I. Y., Gisel, A. and Stavolone, L., Abstract in World Congress on Root & Tuber Crops (WCRTC), Nanning, Guangxi, China, January 18-22, 2016.
 
Unlocking Cassava Brown Streak Disease Resistance in Cassava: insights from genetic variability and combining ability, Sichalwe, K.*, Kayondo, S. I., Edema, R.*, Omari, M., Kulembeka, H.*, Rubaihayo, P.* and Kanju, E., in: Agronomy, volume 14, number 9: 14092122, pages 1-18, ISSN 2073-4395, 2025. [DOI]
 
Using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing to enhance disease resistance in banana, Tripathi, J. and Tripathi, L., in: CABI Reviews, volume 19, number 1, pages 1-11, ISSN 1749-8848, 2024. [DOI]
 
Utility of Ugandan genomic selection cassava breeding populations for prediction of cassava viral disease resistance and yield in West African clones, Ozimati, A.*, Ezuma, W.*, Manze, F.*, Iragaba, P.*, Kanaabi, M.*, Ano, C. U.*, Egesi, C. and Kawuki, R. S.*, in: Frontiers in Plant Science, volume 13, number -: 1018156, pages 1-12, ISSN 1664-462X, 2022. [DOI]
 
Validation of diagnostic markers for streak virus disease resistance in maize, Sime, S. S., Menkir, A., Adetimirin, V.*, Gedil, M. and Kumar, P. L., in: Agriculture, volume 11, number 2: 130, pages 1-11, ISSN 2077-0472, 2021. [DOI]
 
Validation of KASP markers associated with cassava mosaic disease resistance, storage root dry matter and provitamin A carotenoid contents in Ugandan cassava germplasm, Ezuma, W.*, Eyoo, O.*, Gwandu, F.*, Mukasa, S.*, Alicai, T.*, Ozimati, A.*, Nuwamanya, E.*, Rabbi, I. Y. and Kawuki, R.*, in: Frontiers in Plant Science, volume 13, number : 1017275, pages 1-12, ISSN 1664-462X, 2022. [DOI]
 
Validation of single nucleotide polymorphism makers associated with cassava mosaic disease resistance in a clonal evaluation trial, Ishimwe, Y.*, Pan African University, 2019.
 
Verticillium dahliae disease resistance and the regulatory pathway for maturity and tuberization in potato, Tai, H. H., De Koeyer, D., Sonderkaer, M., Hedegaard, S., Lague, M., Goyer, C., Nolan, L., Davidson, C., Gardner, K., Neilson, J., Paudel, J. R., Murphy, A., Bizimungu, B., Wang, H. Y.*, Xiong, X.*, Halterman, D. and Nielsen, K. L., in: Plant Genome, pages 1-14, ISSN 1940-3372, 2017. [DOI]
 
Viral diseases of cowpea and their control by resistance-conferring genes, Hampton, R. O., Thottappilly, G. and Rossel, H. W., pages 159-175, chapter 14, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA); Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), 1997.
 
Yield and disease resistance of plantain (Musa spp., AAB group) somaclones in Nigeria, Nwauzoma, A., Tenkouano, A., Crouch, J. H., Pillay, M., Vuylsteke, D. and Daniel-Kalio, L., in: Euphytica, volume 123, pages 323-331, 2002.
 
Comparison of field, greenhouse and detached-leaf evaluations of soybean germplasm for resistance to Phakopsora pachyrhizi, Twizeyimana, M., Ojiambo, P., Ikotun, T.*, Paul, C., Hartman, G. and Bandyopadhyay, R., in: Plant Disease, volume 91, number 9, pages 1161-1169, ISSN 0191-2917, 2007.
 
Keywords:Disease resistance

Fast-Track Release of Black Leaf Streak Resistant Banana and Plantain (Musa spp.) Hybrids and Related Technologies to Farmers in Cameroon: a Strategy to Enhance Food Security, Njukwe, E., Amah, D., Ndango, R. and Tenkouano, A.+, in: Proceedings of the International Conference on Banana and Plantain in Africa: Harnessing International Partnerships to Increase Research Impact, pages 577-584, ISHS, International Society for Horticultural Science, Belgium, 2010.
 
Keywords:Banana and Plantain, Disease resistance, Fast-track release, Food securityye

Cassava improvement in sub-Saharan Africa: contributions of IITA and its partners, Dixon, A., Okechukwu, R., Ssemakula, G., Hanna, R., Thresh, J. M., Hughes, J., Ingelbrecht, I., Fregene, M.*, Legg, J., Mahungu, N., Nweke, F., Ntawuruhunga, P., Fauquet, C., Manyong, V., Neuenschwander, P., Whyte, J., Wydra, K., Asiedu, R., Egesi, C. N.*, Bandyopadhyay, R., Winter, S., Tarawali, G., Bokanga, M., Ezedinma, C., Sanni, L., Ferguson, M., Ogbe, F., Akoroda, M., Maziya-Dixon, B., Ilona, P., Ekanayake, I. J., Ariyo, O., Onyeka, J.*, Otim-Nape, G.*, Dahniya, M. T., Ortiz, R., Hahn, S. K. and Hartmann, P., 2008.
 
Abstract:
Cassava improvement in sub-Saharan Africa: contributions of IITA and its partners Dixon, A.G.O., R.U. Okechukwu, G. Ssemakula, R. Hanna, J.M. Thresh, J.d'A. Hughes, I. Ingelbrecht, M. Fregene, J. Legg, N. Mahungu, F. Nweke, J.P. Legg, P. Ntawuruhunga, C. Fauquet, V. Manyong, P. Neuenschwander, J. Whyte, K. Wydra, R. Asiedu, C.N. Egesi, R. Bandyopadhyay, S. Winter, G. Tarawali, M. Bokanga, C. Ezedinma, L. Sanni, M. Ferguson, F.O. Ogbe, M. Akoroda, B. Maziya-Dixon, P. Ilona, I.J. Ekanayake, O. Ariyo, J. Onyeka, G.W. Otim-Nape, M.T. Dahniya, R. Ortiz, S.K. Hahn and P. Hartmann Cassava is well recognized for its capacity to address food needs of vulnerable communities in unstable environments in SSA. IITA and colleagues in African NARS, in collaboration with CIAT and ARIs have played leading roles in the development of improved cassava varieties which are disease and pest resistant, early maturing, and high yielding. Through a combination of conventional and new approaches, over 400 cassava genotypes have been developed. The characteristics of the new generation of cassava germplasm broke what had been an apparent yield barrier in cassava improvement increasing yields in many locations by at least 50-100% without the use of fertilizer. The improved germplasm is shared with NARS within the region as specific genotypes or improved seed populations for evaluation and selection under local conditions. Improvement programs in Africa that received these materials have tested them under local conditions, selected varieties that outperform local varieties, and released them to farmers in virtually every major cassava producing country. Today, about 30% of the area cropped with cassava in Africa is planted with improved varieties. Without the introduction of more productive cultivars with multiple diseases and pest resistance, the effective biological control of the cassava mealybug and, to a certain extent, of the green mite, cassava production in SSA would be 50% or less of what it is today. That translates to over 13 million tons of dry cassava/year, enough to meet the calorie requirements of 65 million people. The significant gains in the crop's output in farmers' fields are not only contributing to the African diet but also propelling commercialization of the crop. This paper highlights contributions to cassava improvement in SSA since 1970 by IITA and its partners, and suggests areas needing strengthening in the drive to produce better crop varieties for different regions and enduses in Africa.

Characterisation of resistance in cassava against viruses causing cassava mosaic and cassava brown streak disease in Africa, Koerbler, M., Stein, B., Ingelbrecht, I., Dixon, A. and Winter, S., 2008.
 
Abstract:
Cassava mosaic disease caused by diverse geminiviruses (CMG) and Cassava brown streak disease caused by cassava brown streak virus (CBSV), are key constraints to the cultivation of cassava in Sub-Sahara Africa. We have collected and characterised the diversity of the most prominent geminiviruses from all African cassava cultivation areas and Cassava brown streak viruses from East Africa, to use defined viruses for resistance studies in selected IITA cassava breeding lines and African land races. Virus infections were established in cassava by either graft inoculation with scions of virus infected plants or, by particle bombardment of cloned infectious viruses. Resistance against cassava mosaic geminiviruses was identified in several breeding lines e.g. TME 4, TMS 96/0529 and TMS 96/0160 responding with abortion of virus infections after virus introduction. Other genotypes, e.g. TMS 96/0304, became infected but recovered from symptoms but maintaining the infection status. When cassava clones were analysed for CBSV resistance, it became evident that geminivirus resistance was tightly correlated with susceptibility against CBSV. Geminivirus resistant cassava responded with often severe CBSV infections (e.g. TMS 96/0160) upon virus inoculation. Interestingly, cassava genotypes with an intermediate resistance, TMS 96/0304, initially became mixed infected with CBSV/CMG however subsequently aborting CMG, to establish single CBSV infections. Differential responses were also recorded for strains of CBSV. While CMG resistance in cassava was against all CMG, differential responses were observed in cassava inoculated with CBSV isolates obtained from Kenya and Mozambique. While the CMG susceptible cassava landrace TME 117 was resistant against CBSV from Kenya, it became infected with CBSV from Mozambique. Only the cassava genotype TMS/ 1089A revealed immunity against CMG and also did not establish infections with the CBSV isolates from diverse origins.

Evaluation of water yam (Dioscorea alata L.) germplasm for reaction to yam anthracnose and virus diseases and their effect on yield, Egesi, C. N.*, Odu, B., Ogunyemi, S., Asiedu, R. and Hughes, J., in: Journal of Phytopathology, volume 155, number 9, pages 536-543, 2007.
 
Abstract:
Use of genetic resistance is the most practical and economic way to manage major diseases of yams. In a search for sources of resistance, 40 water yam (Dioscorea alata L.) accessions from Benin, Ghana, Nigeria and Puerto Rico were screened under natural disease infection conditions in Ibadan, Nigeria. The accessions were evaluated at 1, 3 and 6 months after planting (MAP) for severity of yam anthracnose and viral diseases. The effect of the pathogens on yield was also evaluated at harvest 9 MAP. There were significant differences (P < 0.001) between accessions for severities of anthracnose and viral diseases. Eight (20%) of them had lower anthracnose area under disease progress curves (AUDPC) values than the resistant check while 10 (25%) had AUDPC values below the trial mean. There were significant variations (P < 0.001) in yield components among the accessions. There was significant negative correlation of anthracnose severity with fresh tuber yield (r = -0.51) and with number of tubers per plot (r = -0.40). Similarly, significant negative correlations were observed of virus disease severity with fresh tuber yield (r = -0.78) and number of tubers per plot (r = -0.65). Linear regression models also showed that the fresh yield had significant negative relationships with anthracnose (R2 = 0.26) and viral (R2 = 0.62) diseases. The accessions identified as resistant constitute a valuable resource for breeding of resistant germplasm.

Genetic gains from 30 years of cassava breeding in Nigeria for storage root yield and disease resistance in elite cassava genotypes, Okechukwu, R. and Dixon, A., in: Journal of Crop Improvement, volume 22, number 2, pages 181-208, 2008.
 
Abstract:
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is crucial for both food security and poverty alleviation in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Cassava improvement for SSA started at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture in 1970, and several improved lines with different characteristics have been developed to date. The primary focus of breeding work has been to increase root yield, early bulking, tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, and increased dry matter content. This paper represents a study of 112 varieties cloned and introduced between 1970 and 2000, and evaluated in 2003 and 2004 to quantify genetic gains in root yield and disease resistance. The genetic gain per year was 1.3% for fresh root yield, 1.2% for dry root yield, 0.65% for cassava mosaic disease resistance, 0.21% for cassava anthracnose disease resistance, and -0.03% for cassava bacterial blight disease resistance. Though there was no statistical significance in the net negative genetic gain in cassava bacterial blight resistance, it is essential that more emphasis be placed on improving this trait to enhance stability and productivity in African environments.

Novel sources of resistance to Fusarium stalk rot of maize in tropical Africa, Afolabi, C., Ojiambo, P., Ekpo, E.*, Menkir, A. and Bandyopadhyay, R., in: Plant Disease, volume 92, number 5, pages 772-780, ISSN 0191-2917, 2008.
 
Abstract:
Fusarium stalk rot is one of the most widespread and destructive diseases of maize, and deployment of resistant genotypes is one of the most effective strategies for controlling the disease. Fifty inbred lines and four checks from the breeding program of the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture were evaluated in field trials at Ikenne and Ibadan, Nigeria in 2003 and 2004 to identify new sources of resistance to stalk rot caused by Fusarium verticillioides. Evaluations were conducted under artificial inoculation and natural infection at Ibadan and Ikenne, respectively. Disease severity was recorded using a severity scale (SS) and direct estimation of stalk discoloration (SD). The two methods of disease assessment were compared and combined to classify genotypes into resistance groups using results from rank-sum analysis. In 2003, disease severity ranged from SS = 1 to 5 and SD = 1.3 to 33.8% at both locations. Both SS and SD were significantly (P < 0.01) higher in 2003 than in 2004 at the two locations. In both years, inbred lines significantly differed in SS (P < 0.02) and SD (P < 0.04) at Ibadan. Similarly, inbred lines significantly differed in SS (P < 0.04) and SD (P < 0.04) when genotypes were evaluated at Ikenne. Disease assessments based on SS and SD were significantly correlated (0.68 < r < 0.95, P < 0.01) in both years. Based on the results from rank-sum analysis, inbred lines were separated into highly resistant, resistant, moderately resistant, moderately susceptible, susceptible, and highly susceptible groups. At Ibadan, 6 (11.1%) and 8 (14.8%) were identified as highly resistant and resistant, respectively, whereas 11 (20.4%) were identified as resistant at Ikenne. Inbred lines 02C14609, 02C14643, 02C14654, and 02C14678 were consistently classified as either highly resistant or resistant to stalk rot across locations and years while the check genotypes were classified either as susceptible or moderately susceptible to stalk rot. These four inbred lines identified to have high levels of disease resistance may be used for breeding maize with resistance to Fusarium stalk rot.

Screening landraces for additional sources of field resistance to Cassava Mosaic Disease and green mite for integration into the Cassava Improvement Program, Raji, A., Ladeinde, O.* and Dixon, A., in: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, volume 50, number 3, pages 311-318, 2008.
 
Abstract:
Twelve cassava landraces were evaluated for sources of resistance genes to diseases and pests of major economic importance in Africa. The objective was to assess their levels of field resistance to mosaic disease (ACMD), bacterial blight (CBB), anthracnose (CAD), and green mite (CGM), compared to TMS30572, an elite cultivar widely adopted in Africa. Considerable genotypic variation was observed among cultivars for resistance to ACMD and CGM but not for CBB and CAD. The lowest mean incidence of 12% and severity of 1.8 on a scale of 1-5 for ACMD was recorded for Atu, a landrace with farmer acceptable qualities. In comparison, the improved cultivar, TMS 30572, had a mean disease incidence of 72% and a severity score of 2.8. Another landrace, MS-20 had the lowest CGM damage score (2.1) while TMS 30572 emerged as one of the susceptible cultivars with a damage score of 3. Additional sources of resistance to ACMD and CGM that may possibly be better than the popular improved cultivar, TMS 30572, were identified in this study. These could serve as novel sources of additional genes to complement existing resources for elite cassava breeding in Africa.

Severity of anthracnose and virus diseases of water yam (dioscorea alata L.) in NIgeria I: effects of yam genotype and date of planting, Egesi, C. N.*, Onyeka, T. and Asiedu, R., in: Crop Protection, volume 26, number 8, pages 1259-1265, ISSN 0261-2194, 2007.
 
Abstract:
Anthracnose and virus diseases exert devastating impacts on yam production in many tropical regions of the world where the crop contributes to food security and income generation. The complexities in their epidemiology necessitate the use of integrated approaches in their management. Six genotypes of Dioscorea alata, planted on six dates (March?August) in each of 1998 and 1999 in Ibadan, Nigeria, were evaluated to determine the effects of planting date and genotype on severity of the two diseases. The date of planting had a profound influence on anthracnose severity, contributing 72% of the observed variation due to combined effects of planting date, genotype and their interactions. In contrast, the genotype effect was most dominant with respect to virus severity, accounting for 85% of the total observed variation. Planting in August supported least anthracnose development while April and May plantings resulted in the least severity of virus diseases. While selection of planting time could be used to manage anthracnose disease, its application could be influenced by the prevailing weather conditions in a particular location. Two of the genotypes (TDa 291 and TDa 297) had low severity values for both diseases across the different planting dates. Availability of such sources of multiple disease resistance and appropriate choice of planting date would be very useful in integrated management of the two major yam diseases.

Somatic embryogenesis and genetic transformation of African farmer-grown cassava genotypes that are susceptible to the Cassava Brown Streak Disease, Ingelbrecht, I., Raji, A., Oyelakin, O., Winter, S., Moller, B., Dixon, A. and Jorgensen, K., 2008.
 
Abstract:
Cassava is one of the most important sources of carbohydrates for over 500 million people in the (sub)tropics. Cassava plays an important role in the food security of many developing nations, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Cassava is highly heterozygous, genetically complex, and many varieties either do not flower or produce few seeds thus hampering conventional crop improvement. Several major constraints limit the production and utilization of cassava roots, including two viral diseases, the Cassava Brown Streak Disease (CBSD) and the Cassava Mosaic Disease (CMD), which are specific to SSA. Farmer-preferred landraces are often susceptible to CBSD and/or CMD. Genetic transformation of cassava could complement conventional breeding programs for CBSD and/or CMD resistance. Current protocols for genetic transformation of cassava are limited to model genotypes which are not used by farmers of breeders in SSA. Since transformation protocols are genotype-dependent, suitable procedures for genetic modification of the landraces need to be developed. We have established somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis for three farmer/breeder-preferred varieties, two from East Africa (cv Kibaha and cv Albert) and one from West Africa (TME12) which are susceptible to CBSD. Primary and cyclical somatic embryogenesis was established for the three varieties. Cotyledon tissues from somatic embryos were used as source explants for Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation. Using an intron-interrupted {\^a}{\"i}¿½glucuronidase reporter gene construct under control of the Cassava vein mosaic virus promoter, stably transformed cassava tissues and plants were obtained. Molecular evidence for stable expression of the transgenes will be presented.