| Economic impact of biological control of water hyacinth in southern Benin, De Groote, H., Ajuonu, O., Attignon, S., Djessou, R. and Neuenschwander, P., in: Ecological Economics, volume 45, pages 105-117, 2003. |
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| Impact of the weevils Neochetina eichhorniae and N. bruchi (Coleoptera) on water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes (Pontederiaceae) in Bénin, West Africa, Ajuonu, O., Schade, V., Veltman, B., Sedjro, K. and Neuenschwander, P., in: African Entomology, volume 11, pages 153-162, 2003. |
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| Importation, releases, and establishment of Neochetina spp. (col., curculionidae) for the biological control of water hyacinth, Eichhomia crassipes CLil., Pontederiaceae), Benin, West Africa, Thielen, R., Ajuonu, O., Schade, V., Neuenschwander, P., Adite, A. and Lomer, C., in: Entomophaga, volume 39, pages 179-188, 1994. |
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| Mycoherbicide for water hyacinth, Beed, F., in: Biocontrol of weeds with pathogens: proceedings of the 14th Biennial Australasian Plant Pathology Conference, Lincoln University, New Zealand, 1-2 February, pages 8-10, 2003. |
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| Surveillance of potential pathogenic fungi associated with water hyacinth in Lake Kainji, Nigeria, Daddy, F., Ladu, B. M. B., Beed, F., Birnin-Yauri, Y. A. and Owotunse, S., in: Journal of Aquatic Sciences, volume 18, number 2, pages 125-130, 2003. |
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| Survey of water hyacinth pathogens along Niger river, Beed, F., in: Water Hyacinth News (IOBC), number 7, 2001. |
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| Use of Alternaria eichhorniae to control the invasive aquatic weed water hyacinth in Africa, Avocanh, A., Senouwa, V., Diogo, R. and Beed, F., in: Proceedings of the 8th International Congress for Plant Pathology, Christchurch, New Zealand, 2-7 February, pages 52, 2003. |
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| Surveillance of potential pathogenic fungi associated with water hyacinth in Lake Kainji, Nigeria, Daddy, F., Ladu, B. M. B., Beed, F., Birnin-Yauri, Y. A. and Owotunse, S., in: Journal of Aquatic Sciences, volume 18, number 2, pages 125-130, 2003. |
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| Keywords: | Bio-control; Pathogenic fungi; Kainji Lake; Water hyacinth; Identification
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| Surveillance of potential pathogenic fungi associated with water hyacinth in Lake Kainji, Nigeria, Daddy, F., Ladu, B. M. B., Beed, F., Birnin-Yauri, Y. A. and Owotunse, S., in: Journal of Aquatic Sciences, volume 18, number 2, pages 125-130, 2003. |
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Abstract:
The entire Kainji Lake and the riverine areas upstream of Yauri were surveyed monthly between February and May 2002 with a motorboat to make full inspection of fungi-infested water hyacinth plants. Various parts of water hyacinth plant showing symptoms of fungal infection were collected, dried between paper towels, labeled, treated and planted onto growth agar media in petri dishes sealed with parafilm. All isolates were characterised for identification. On some older plants with larger leaves were found sporulating Myrothecium roridum. On the smaller plants with purple flecking lesions were isolates of Alternaria eichhorniae of, which were necrotic patches surrounded by chlorotic halos. The presence of A. eichhorniae in Nigeria indicates a great promise as its choice in most African environment by the International Mycoherbicide Programme for Eichhornia crassipes Control in Africa (IMPECCA) for development into a mycoherbicide. Other fungal pathogens isolated included Rhizoctonia solani, Acremonium zonatum and Cercospora piaropi.
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| Use of Alternaria eichhorniae to control the invasive aquatic weed water hyacinth in Africa, Avocanh, A., Senouwa, V., Diogo, R. and Beed, F., in: Proceedings of the 8th International Congress for Plant Pathology, Christchurch, New Zealand, 2-7 February, pages 52, 2003. |
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Abstract:
Water hyacinth has been given the dubious honour by the UN of the
world’s most troublesome weed. Since its introduction as an ornamental
it has attained a pan-African distribution. It prevents transport, fishing,
commerce, the generation of hydroelectricity and increases incidences of
malaria, bilharzia, filariasis and encephalitis. We are studying the
potential of using a fungal pathogen as an environmentally friendly
method of control. Field surveys and laboratory tests have identified
those fungi that are indigenous to Africa, with distribution across the
continent and specific to water hyacinth. Of these Alternaria eichhorniae
exhibits the greatest virulence. However, control of weed populations by
this pathogen varies greatly across the different aquatic environments
found in Africa. One factor that varies across environments is the nutrient
status of the water. We report on studies to determine the influence of
varied nutrient status on the growth of water hyacinth and how this
influences the efficacy of control by A. eichhorniae. In addition, we
report on formulations used in mycoherbicides to overcome
environmental factors that limit infection. Finally, because this fungal
pathogen is foliar, its mode of action can be crudely seen as causing plant
defoliation. We report on mechanical defoliation studies of plants to
demonstrate whether the rapid regenerative potential of water hyacinth
enables plants to overcome leaf losses.
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